Author: ETRC Archivist
Hills covered with snow, a sled carrying logs pulled by a team of horses. These are among the most-remembered subjects of Townships painter Frederick S. Coburn (1871-1960), who spent much of his life in Melbourne. With the piles of snow blanketing all of our scenic views, it is an image that is well-suited to this season.
However iconic his landscape paintings were, Coburn was well-recognized as an illustrator during his lifetime, particularly in his early career. His illustrations were featured in the original publications of W.H. Drummond’s The Habitant and Louis-H. Fréchette’s Christmas in French Canada but he also contributed illustrations for special editions of works by Charles Dickens, Washington Irving, and Robert Browning.
Coburn secured his first major commission with William H. Drummond after a pressure-test specified by the author: he had one hour to sketch Drummond’s portrait. Drummond, pleased with the outcome, hired Coburn in 1896 as illustrator for his first published collection of poems: The Habitant and other French-Canadian Poems. This collaboration was the catalyst for much of Coburn’s future illustration work. A friend of Drummond, Louis Fréchette was impressed with the work Coburn had done and, in 1898, commissioned him to complete the illustrations for a collection of short stories, Christmas in French Canada, which was published in French (La Noël au Canada) a year later.
Louis Fréchette was an author, poet, and Quebec political figure at the turn of the 20th century. Through his literary work, Fréchette endeavored to honour and give value to French culture in Quebec. Similarly passionate about the people of his homeland and the opportunity to be part of the recording of its history and culture, Coburn immersed himself in the work of preparing the illustrations. Among his frequent letters to Fréchette, Coburn often expressed his enthusiasm for the project: “In fact, each story is so full of suggestive pictures & recalls at times so vividly parallel incidents I myself have witnessed that I find considerable difficulty in making a judicious selection rather than having to hunt for something to make.”
The final outcome was a poignantly illustrated work that chronicles Quebec folk tales and traditions of Christmas past.
“A photograph is worth a thousand words.” This idiom certainly rings true when it comes to some photographs. And while other photographs might not hold the weight of a thousand words, many are still able to make us catch our breath, arouse curiosity, or engage with us in a unique way. Working with historical records means that I have the privilege of getting to see eye-catching and intriguing photographs on a regular basis. The photographs may be eye-catching but they hold a particular challenge when they arrive with little-to-no identifying information.
One recently acquired example of this is a collection of photographs we received from the Wilkinson Brothers Studio, run by John Wilkinson and his brother, Alfred, that operated in Cookshire from 1892 to about the 1940s. Out of the 117 photographs in the collection, only 18 bear any sort of identification. So while the crisp, rich images with the period clothing are captivating, their use is limited if we don’t know the names of the people pictured.
This is where we are asking for the public’s help! Have you lived in the Cookshire area for many decades and have great memory for names and faces? If so, you might be able to lend us a hand. We have made copies of all of the unidentified photographs and added them to our online website to browse through in the comfort of your home (visit https://www.townshipsarchives.ca/unidentified-adults to take a look). If the online version is not convenient for you, please get in touch with us for other options.
Another mystery comes from the Danville area and a portrait of a young man with the inscription E.G. Warren in the lower right corner. Aside from the signature, there is no other information on the photograph, which leads to the questions: was E.G. Warren (a minister at the Danville Congregational Church) also a photographer, or is he the individual pictured in the photograph? Perhaps your family has a photograph of Rev. Warren that would help us identify this photograph.
Every picture tells a story… Help us tell more stories through the identification of these unknown photographs.
September is upon us, which means that students and teachers all over the province are in the midst of settling into the school routines. This year, as with each new school year, they will be forging friendships, learning new skills, and making memories. For all the things about school that change drastically from one generation to the next, the making of memories is at least one aspect that the students a century ago have in common with those today. Over time, however, the ways that we have recorded and tangibly preserved our school memories has changed.
An ancestor of sorts to the school yearbook was autograph books. Autograph books, which were books circulated primarily by academics to collect signatures and verses from colleagues, have been around in Europe for centuries. Over the years, autograph books became more elaborate collections of verses, drawings, and messages to the book’s owner. These books, which can now be found sprinkled throughout local historical societies and archives centres, captured the sentiments of close school friends, imprinted the words of special teachers, and recorded events for the owner to reflect back on over the passing of time.
One example at the ETRC is the autograph book of Florence Mead, who attended Macdonald College’s School for Teachers in the fall of 1923. Florence was born in the Townships and grew up in the Sherbrooke and Hatley areas. She attended “Mac” (as she and her friends refer to it) at the still-young age of 16 and by 17 she was teaching at the Goodhue School in Ascot Township. Her autograph book is a captivating combination of mementos, diary entries, poetry, course assignments, song verses, and artwork. In particular, shown here, is Florence’s description of the freshmen’s initiation, involving thirteen pigtails, hot water bottles, molasses, and feathers. Wild times!
Teachers also gave their students souvenirs to commemorate their school year together. Found in the ETRC Archives is the souvenir card E. Pearl Orr had printed and prepared for her students at the South Ham School (district 3) for the 1900-1901 school year. Not only did it include a photograph of Pearl, which – at that time – would not have been cheap to have printed, she included a poem and listed each of her pupils’ names in clear, flowing cursive. The fact that one of these cards was kept through the decades, long enough to make it into an archive, can be considered an indication that it was a meaningful memento to at least one of her students.
Old diaries can be delightful windows onto the past, with descriptions of the day-to-day activities of a bygone era. They can also be useful tools for researchers, providing key data needed for their analyses, such as weather information or social interactions. The historical value of these records becomes limited, however, when we don’t have information on their authors. It can be disappointing when lovely old records, such as diaries, photographs, etc., are missing key information about who created them.
One curious case of a group of diaries with no author found their way to the ETRC some years ago. They were a splendid (and legible!) set of diaries spanning from 1920 to 1948, filled with daily entries on a variety of subjects and lists of household expenses. The one thing missing from these diaries: an identification of their author. No convenient “this book belongs to…” The silver lining? Instances such as this one are when the archivist gets to turn into super sleuth.
After making lists of the people mentioned with full names and of all the places named, along with some creative searching of the Canadian census returns, came the satisfactory and sweet feeling of success. The author of these diaries was Delbert R. Holsapple. Delbert, son of David E. Holsapple and Elizabeth Russell, was born and raised in the St. Armand West area. He married Lizzie Adams in 1891 and together they had a daughter, Elfrida. Delbert spent most of his life farming near Morse’s Line, selling produce and was active in the local community.
Even though Delbert’s diaries do not include his feelings about his life events, reading them begins to form a story that lifts from the yellowing pages. They are a record of the rhythms of farming but also the relationships with neighbours and community events, such as the Catholic chicken pie supper (which, for those curious, cost 35 cents for two people in 1933). In particular, these diaries span the Great Depression and the Second World War and are an interesting perspective on what it was like in the Townships during this time.
Perhaps you have some old family diaries and journals hanging around in the recesses of your closets or drawers. If so, this could be the perfect time to dig them out and peruse them. You never know what might be held within their pages.
On a cold and wet September morning in 1990, 60 runners gathered at Bishop’s University for a five and 12 kilometer race to raise funds for a feasibility study on the possible conversion of the recently abandoned Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) line stretching from Lennoxville to Beebe. Although the event raised a nominal amount, it was part of the beginning of Sentiers Massawippi’s years-long mission to see the establishment of a recreational trail along this stretch of railbed.
Following Canadian Pacific Railway’s official abandonment of what was known as the Beebe Subdivision line early in 1990, a group of local citizens mobilized to form the Sentier Massawippi Trail (later becoming Les Sentiers Massawippi) organization. Initially, the abandoned line was eyed for two entirely different potential ventures. In addition to the “rail to trail” project, another group (Nostalgie de la Vapeur) had their eye on the line to establish a tourist steam train to run from Lennoxville to Beebe. It was not long, however, before Sentiers Massawippi’s lobbying efforts gained traction with the Town of Lennoxville and by June 1991, CPR announced that the first 13-km section from Lennoxville to North Hatley had been sold to the Town to convert to a walking and cycling trail.
From the beginning, the second section of the line (12 km) between North Hatley and Ayer’s Cliff, which lay along the edge of Lake Massawippi, was on more contentious ground. Property owners along the lake were wary of a public trail running through their yards and were keen to obtain the direct water access through the acquisition of what was once CPR’s right-of-way. By the summer of 1991, an association of Lake Massawippi homeowners had struck an agreement with CPR to act as an intermediary to sell the nearly 115 acres along the lake to the adjacent owners.
In September 1991, Sentiers Massawippi voted to start buying the land that made up the remaining 19-km section, from Ayer’s Cliff to Beebe. In 1992, the rails and ties were removed from the section but it would be a number of years before all the municipalities involved accepted the proposed nature trail and rehabilitation work was completed. The first 6 km from Ayer’s Cliff were opened in 1996 and with the group’s perseverance in face of repeated hurdles, the 19-km Tomifobia Nature Trail reached completion in 2002.
Sentiers Massawippi’s mission was not unique for the time period; as the kilometers of abandoned railway lines increased from the 1960s on, there was a growing impetus for this conversion from “rail to trail” with the desire to increase Canadians’ access to outdoor recreational space. Locally, however, Sentiers Massawippi was vital in the projects to establish the nature trails along this stretch of the countryside. The group was key in fostering political will to act on the creation of the trails and in highlighting the public interest in such a conversion. Thanks to their initiative, local residents and tourists have access to this scenic way to experience nature and native wildlife. Still, the road was not always easy-going following their momentous achievement and the group has faced major reparations following significant washouts in 2008, amounting to $26,000 in repairs, and restorations arising from acts of vandalism. Despite it all, Sentiers Massawippi remains dedicated to the maintenance of the Tomifobia Nature Trail for all to be able to take advantage of this beautiful greenway.
To explore what documents the ETRC preserves for Sentiers Massawippi or a number of the nature-related organizations, visit our online datebase: https://www.townshipsarchives.ca/sentiers-massawippi-fonds.
Walking down the main streets of any number of Townships’ towns – Coaticook, Rock Island, Danville, or Granby – passersby can find themselves taken in by the commanding neo-classical and second empire architectural styles of the buildings that once served as branches of the Eastern Townships Bank. Apart from the dramatic and almost intimidating nature of these buildings, the E.T. Bank played a meaningful role in the lives of the local population as it served farmers, artisans, and businessmen alike.
From the moment of its establishment in 1859, the Eastern Townships Bank was to be a bank supported by the people of the Townships and that served the people of the Townships. In fact, in 1863, 89% of the E.T. Bank’s capital was held by Townshippers. The presence of a regional bank and the access to loans meant that local businessmen and entrepreneurs were able to get their businesses off the ground. One small example of this was James H. Smith of Sutton, who received a loan from the Eastern Townships Bank so that he could become a dealer of carriages, harnesses, farming Implements, wagons, and cream separators. In addition to small businesses, the E.T. Bank invested in many of the large industries emerging in the Townships in the latter part of the 19th century, such as Jenckes Machine Shop in Coaticook, Royal Paper Mills in East Angus, and Paton Manufacturing Company in Sherbrooke.
The E.T. Bank had gone from a head office and two agencies in 1859 to 61 branches and 31 agencies in a span of 50 years. In addition to its more notable branches, the Eastern Townships Bank had a presence in a great many towns and villages throughout the region, including Roxton Falls, East Broughton, and Upton, which afforded smaller communities access to local banking services.
Beyond its practical involvement in the financial affairs of the region, the E.T. Bank displayed its Townships roots on its money and stock certificates; they bore farming and mining scenes as well as recognizable landscapes such as the iconic Lake Memphremagog steamer, the Lady of the Lake, and the Magog River Gorge in Sherbrooke.
The Eastern Townships Bank continued to grow into the early years of the 20th century but as shareholders from outside the region increased (by 1912, 64% of the Bank’s capital was held by those outside the Townships) and with increased competition from the major national banks, the directors of the Eastern Townships Bank elected to sell to the Canadian Bank of Commerce in 1912. Even though over 100 years have passed since its absorption into the Canadian Bank of Commerce, the Eastern Townships Bank continues to live on in the landscapes of the Eastern Townships. In the words of C.C. Colby: “[…] let us hope that the Eastern Townships Bank will never forget its years of youth amid the noble and beloved hills of the Eastern Townships!’